Editie trilingva, romana-engleza-maghiara.
Colectia Clujul din cuvinte este coordonata de Irina Petras.
INTRODUCERE
Termenul "palat” provine din limba latina, Pal?tium fiind una dintre cele sapte coline ale Romei, unde imparatul Augustus Cezar (27 i.H. - 14 d.H.) si-a stabilit resedinta.
Modesta vila a lui Cezar a fost extinsa de cei care i-au urmat la conducerea statului, si astfel Pal?tium a intrat in constiinta publica, atat ca localizare geografica dar si ca denumire pentru resedinta imperiala.
Cel mai vechi palat cunoscut astazi a fost construit in Teba de catre regele Tutmes lll a carui domnie a fost intre anii 1504-1450 i.H. Palatele nu sunt doar imobile impunatoare inaltate din blocuri masive de piatra, in Asia, constructiile din lemn ale imparatilor sau nobililor, inzestrate cu vaste gradini interioare, sunt de asemenea incluse in categoria palatelor.
De la sfarsitul Evului Mediu termenul "palat” a fost utilizat in sens larg pentru casele nobililor de toate rangurile din Franta, Anglia sau Spania, pentru sediul papal de la Avignon, pentru locuintele inaltei burghezii, dar si pentru numeroasele cladiri publice sau private care exclud functia de locuinta. In modernitate, in multe limbi, titulatura de "palat” a devenit si mai flexibila, acoperind prin inteles nu doar cladiri cu functiuni administrative (Palatul de Justitie, Palatul Prefecturii), ci si referiri la diverse constructii care prin rol si functionalitate definesc sau adapostesc o autoritate in domeniu (Palatul Culturii, Palatul Copiilor, Palatul Casatoriilor).
Fara a primi in mod oficial denumirea de "palat”, numeroase cladiri sunt cunoscute in mentalul colectiv drept palate, deoarece, la nivel local, intelesurile devin mult mai nuantate, asa cum de altfel precizeaza si marile enciclopedii. Importanta locativa sau administrativa a unei cladiri, ori dimensiunile ei ii confera un statut special in urbe, descoperind noi valente arhitecturale, sociale si culturale, in functie de perioada in care a fost construita, astfel incat aceasta este incarcata simbolic cu o titulatura care pare uneori exagerata daca facem comparatii la scara universala, insa ea este perfect adaptata locului, timpului si rolului sau social, elemente care, atat in vocabularul urban, cat si in lucrari de specialitate, au marele merit de a nominaliza particularitatile locale.
Dimensiunile si importanta pot sa para asadar discordante daca se compara palate din diverse parti ale lumii, insa in Cluj, alaturi de casele nobiliare, si alte cladiri de mari dimensiuni construite la sfarsitul secolului al XIX-lea si inceputul secolului al XX-lea au primit denumirea de "palate”, astfel ca in acest album prezentam 35 de palate impartite in cinci categorii: palate nobiliare, palate nobiliare mici, palate cu locuinte si spatii comerciale pentru inchiriat sau cu functiune de hotel, palate construite pentru institutii si palate in acceptiune moderna.
INTRODUCTION
The term palace comes from Latin, the Pal?tium was one of the seven hills of Rome where Emperor Augustus (27 BC-14AD) had his residence.
The Emperors modest villa was later repeatedly extended by his successors, eventually causing the Pal?tium not to mean merely a geographical place, but the name of the imperial residence as well.
The oldest palace known today was built by King Thutmose Ill, whose reign lasted around 1504 BC to 1450 BC. However, not all palaces are impressive buildings made of huge blocks of rock, as the large wooden buildings of the Asian emperors or nobility surrounded with impressive gardens can also be called palaces.
From the end of the Middle Ages, the term palace was used in a wide sense for the houses of all ranks of French, English or Spanish nobility, the Papal residence in Avignon, the houses of the higher middle class, and for many public or private buildings as well which were not used as housing. In modern times, the term palace has become even more flexible in many languages, to include not only administrative buildings (like the Palace of Justice, the Palace of the Prefect, etc.), but various other buildings too which house, by their function, some sort of authority (Palace of Culture, Palace of Children, Palace of Marriages).
Some buildings, although officially not called palaces, are known as such in public consciousness, as local meanings often become more nuanced, as reflected also in articles of large encyclopaedias. The housing or administrative function, or even the size of a building may lend it a special status within the city, may showcase new architectural, social or cultural values, depending on the age when it was built. Thus it can carry a symbolic name which may seem exaggerated in an international scale but it can still work perfectly according to its social role, place and time. The great merit of such names is that they emphasize local particularities both in urban vocabulary and in the specialized literature.
Although their size and importance in comparison with their counterparts worldwide may make it seem unfitting, all large buildings built in Cluj in the late 19th - early 20th century were called palaces. This album will present thus 35 palaces of the city on Somes River, in five categories: Palaces of the aristocracy, palaces of the lesser nobility, palaces used as tenement houses, hotels etc., palaces of institutions and modern palaces.
BEVEZETES
A "palota” kifejezes a latinbol ered, a Pal?tium Roma het hegyenek egyike volt, ahol Augustus romai csaszar (Kr. e. 27 - Kr. u. 14) berendezte rezidenciajat.
Augustus szereny villajat hivatali utodai kib?vitettek, es igy a Pal?tium nemcsak mint foldrajzi hely, hanem mint a csaszari rezidencia neve is bekerult a koztudatba.
A ma ismert legregebbi palotat Thebaban epittette III. Thotmesz kiraly, akinek uralkodasa Kr. e. 1504-1450 kozottre tehet?. A palotak azonban nemcsak hatalmas k?tombokb?l epult impozans ep?letek lehetnek, de peldaul Azsiaban a csaszarok vagy nemesek hatalmas bels? kertekkel ellatott faepuletei is a palotak kategoriajaba tartoznak.
A kozepkor vegetol a "palota” kifejezest tag ertelemben hasznaltak barmilyen rangu francia, angol vagy spanyol nemes hazara, as avignoni papai szekhelyre, a fels? kozeposztaly lakohelyere de szamos olyan kozepuletre vagy maganepuletre is amely nem lakaskent funkcional. A modern idokben a "palota” elnevezes szamos nyelvben meg rugalmasabba valt, es nemcsak a kozigazgatasi funkcioval rendelkez? epuleteket (Igazsagugy Palota, Prefektura Palotaja) foglalja magaban, hanem kulonboz? olyan epuleteket is, amelyek szerepuk es funkciojuk reven valamilyen hatosagnak adnak otthont (Kulturpalota, Gyermekek palotaja, Hazassagk?tesi Palota).
Bar hivatalosan nem nevezik ezeket palotanak, a kollektiv tudatban szamos epulet megis palotakent ismert, mivel helyi szinten jelentes sokszor arnyaltabba valik, amint a jelent?s enciklopediak szocikkei is megallapitjak. Egy epulet lakhatasi vagy adminisztrati jelent?sege vagy akar meretei reven sajatos statusra tehet szert a varoson belul, uj epiteszeti, tarsadalmi es kulturalis ertekeket mutahat fel, aszerint, hogy milyen korban epult. llymodon olyan szmbolikus toltet? elnevezessel illethetik, amely nemzetkozi osszehasonlitasban tulzasnak t?nhet, de tarsadalmi szerepenek, helyenek es idejenek megfelel?en tokeletesen m?kodik, ezeknek a megnevezeseknek pedig az a nagy erdem?k, hogy kiemelik a helyi sajatossagokat, mind a varosi sokincsben, mind pedig a szakirodalomban.
Bar a vilagszerte palotanak nevezett epuletek mereteivel es jelent?segevel osszehasonlitva elrugaszkodottnak t?nhet, de a f?nemesi epuletek mellett sok mas, a 19. szazad vegen, 20 szazad elejen Kolozsvaron epult nagymeret? epuletet is palotanak hivtak. Ebben az albumban Kisszamosra epult varos 35 palotajat mutatjuk be, ot kategoriara osztva: f?nemesi palotak, koznemesi palotak, berhazkent, hotelkent stb m?kod? palotak, intezmenyi palotak, modern palotak.
